Thursday, November 28, 2019

Alexzandra Garza. Essays - Christian Fiction, The Screwtape Letters

Alexzandra Garza. Literature. Mr. Garcia. 12/15/2016. Screwtape Letters Essay. The chapter is written as a letter, addressed to "my dear Wormwood ." A yet unnamed writer encourages Wormwood to influence "our patient" by controlling what he reads and who he talks to. The writer points out, however, that Wormwood is naive to believe that the best way to influence the patient is to use logicthis has ceased to be the case for at least a few centuries. The writer mentions that Wormwood must keep the patient away from the " Enemy ." The writer explains how humans have changed in recent times. Humans used to believe in truth and falsehood, but nowadays, they're trained to study dozens of beliefs that contradict one another. The patient thinks of beliefs as being useful or useless, not true, or false. For this reason, Wormwood 's best strategy is to use jargon, not logic, to convince the patient to stay away from "the Church." Wormwood's goal is to make the patient believe in the doctrine of Materialism. The writer's point, however, is that Wormwood should "sell" this belief on the grounds that it's "strong," not that it's correct. The writer recalls a "young atheist" he was trying to keep away from the Enemy . One day, the atheist was thinking "the wrong way." Instead of trying to convince him to think the opposite, the writer tried to convince the atheist to eat lunch. The Enemy tried to convince the atheist to continue thinking, but the writer managed to get him to go eat. During lunch, the atheist became distracted by realitystreets, newspapers, cars, etc.and soon he forgot his train of thought. The atheist is now "safe in Our Father 's house." The writer tells Wormwood that Wormwood must impress upon human beings the ordinariness of the world. Trying to influence humans using science is counterproductive, he argues, because it encourages humans to think abstractly. Wormwood's goal, the writer concludes, is to confuse the patient , not educate him. He signs the letter, "Your affectionate uncle, Screwtape ." Screwtape 's second letter begins with the news that Wormwood 's patient has become a Christian. Screwtape encourages Wormwood not to despair, since many humans have flirted with the Enemy before returning to evil. Screwtape points out that the devils' greatest ally is arguably the Church itself. Humans cannot the see the Christian church in its historical majestyinstead, they see half-ruined old buildings. Thus , they come to disrespect the Church, and gravitate toward evil. Wormwood should try to control where the patient sits when he goes to church, Screwtape advises. The patient is a fool, meaning that he confuses Christianity with the specific Christians he sees: old, ugly, or foolish people. Thus , the patient will come to disrespect Christianity if, when he goes to church, he sees people of this kind. Screwtape reminds Wormwood that he'll have plenty of time to show his patient "clarity" when the patient is in Hell. One of Wormwood 's most important weapons is disappointment, Screwtape reminds him. All humans feel disappointment in the moment after they've bravely begun a new projectwhich could be marriage, school, or, in the patient 's case, Christianity. This disappointment occurs because the Enemy creates humans to be free. Freedom is both an advantage and a disadvantage for the devils: they have more of an opportunity to tempt humans to Hell, but if humans freely convince themselves of Christianity, then devils have a much harder time swaying them in the future. Screwtape references information Wormwood has given him about the patient's mother . He advises Wormwood to talk to Glubose , a "colleague" whose job is tempting the patient's mother. Wormwood and Glubose must conspire to create small annoyances between the patient and his mother. Screwtape lists methods for creating a rift between the patient and his mother . The first method is to keep the patient thinking about "inner life." In this way, the patient will only think about the most abstract truths, completely neglecting to think about himself in all his obvious weaknesses and idiosyncrasies. The patient must think he is examining himself without actually discovering the facts about himself that are obvious to everyone who knows him.

Monday, November 25, 2019

Free Essays on Myths Of Ancient Times

MYTH’S OF ANCIENT TIMES Greek myths are entertaining and meaningful, fictional and truthful. They tell stories of Gods, Goddess’s, children and animals. But most of all they teach a lesson. What was the point of Greek myths? What were some of the stories? Were they taken seriously? Why were they important? This paper will explain what Greek myths are all about. It will say why Greek myths were created, and what they mean. It will also give an example of a popular myth. â€Å"A myth is a religion in which no one any longer believes.† (James Feibleman) Although Greek myths are interesting and entertaining stories, they played a more important roll in the every day life of ancient civilization. â€Å"Greek Gods were simply the products of colorful imaginations.† (www.angelfire.com/mt/ahsb/intro.html) They were the imaginations of a civilization that told these stories as a way of explaining the unexplainable events that happened in their lives. These â€Å"unexplainable† things consisted of uncontrollable events, natural phenomenons and mind-boggling occurrences. The realization of these stories lead one to believe that they were â€Å"perfect humans†, but can benefit from being immortal as well. The Greeks gave them all the abilities, qualities and values that they themselves wanted. Once they did this, the Greeks idolized the existence of the Gods and they way they behaved. The Greeks felt that these Gods and Goddesses had complete control and influence over their lives. â€Å"The poets were not alone in sanctioning myths, for long before the poets the states and the lawmakers had sanctioned them as a useful expedient. They needed to control the people by superstitious fears, and these cannot be aroused without myths and marvels.† (Mikhail Strabo) The Greeks were the first people to write myths. These myths were like parables; there was usually a â€Å"moral to the story†. There were heroes and Gods in these stories and as they... Free Essays on Myths Of Ancient Times Free Essays on Myths Of Ancient Times MYTH’S OF ANCIENT TIMES Greek myths are entertaining and meaningful, fictional and truthful. They tell stories of Gods, Goddess’s, children and animals. But most of all they teach a lesson. What was the point of Greek myths? What were some of the stories? Were they taken seriously? Why were they important? This paper will explain what Greek myths are all about. It will say why Greek myths were created, and what they mean. It will also give an example of a popular myth. â€Å"A myth is a religion in which no one any longer believes.† (James Feibleman) Although Greek myths are interesting and entertaining stories, they played a more important roll in the every day life of ancient civilization. â€Å"Greek Gods were simply the products of colorful imaginations.† (www.angelfire.com/mt/ahsb/intro.html) They were the imaginations of a civilization that told these stories as a way of explaining the unexplainable events that happened in their lives. These â€Å"unexplainable† things consisted of uncontrollable events, natural phenomenons and mind-boggling occurrences. The realization of these stories lead one to believe that they were â€Å"perfect humans†, but can benefit from being immortal as well. The Greeks gave them all the abilities, qualities and values that they themselves wanted. Once they did this, the Greeks idolized the existence of the Gods and they way they behaved. The Greeks felt that these Gods and Goddesses had complete control and influence over their lives. â€Å"The poets were not alone in sanctioning myths, for long before the poets the states and the lawmakers had sanctioned them as a useful expedient. They needed to control the people by superstitious fears, and these cannot be aroused without myths and marvels.† (Mikhail Strabo) The Greeks were the first people to write myths. These myths were like parables; there was usually a â€Å"moral to the story†. There were heroes and Gods in these stories and as they...

Thursday, November 21, 2019

James Callaghans Great Debate Speech Influence on Education Policy Essay

James Callaghans Great Debate Speech Influence on Education Policy - Essay Example Here, it needs to be noted that, the following is just an overview of the salient points of the speech, and which are relevant to the topic of this paper. Great Debate Speech This historic speech was delivered by James Callaghan in Ruskin College, located at Oxford, in October 1976. Callaghan begins his speech by highlighting the uniqueness of the college, in the sense that all its students went on to hold prominent positions in the society. He then expresses his appreciation of the fact that there is a strong relationship between the trade unions and Ruskin College. Callaghan subtly states that there are some sections, which are not in favor of the attention of public getting focused on the all-important aspect of education. (1) Callaghan argues that children are the most valuable of all the forms of natural resources, and they should be groomed in a manner so as to be responsible citizens of the country. He suggests that providing them with the right education is the means through which that purpose can be realized. He conveys that all the people toiling in the realm of education are vested with the responsibility of designing its (education) pattern in such a way that the needed standards are successfully met. He then says that he has been highly impressed by the manner in which teaching is carried out in the schools, across the country. Here, Callaghan does not fail to emphasize on the top level commitment displayed by the teaching fraternity. But it is at this point that he throws light on a rather perturbing fact: students who complete education in schools and come out join the industry as employees are struggling to do total justice to their jobs. (1) James Callaghan expressed some unhappiness that majority of students coming out of educational institutions are not inclined to work for the industry. Most of them were choosing to join either the civil services or the academic fraternity. At this juncture, he stresses on the importance of technology-based education that would empower the students in rendering excellent service to the industry. (1) Callaghan also brought the attention of his audience to the fact that, parents of the students were having some misgivings about the unconventional teaching format. This was more so because, the very purpose of the format would be destroyed if the teaching personnel are not that competent. He stated that it is the bound duty of the teaching personnel to be removing the above misgivings. Callaghan remarked that it is of paramount relevance that a perfect balance is brought between the aspects of having technological skills and being responsible to society. Neither of the two should be prioritized at the cost of the other. (1) James Callaghan mentioned that the expected standards for employment have rapidly risen, and that people lacking the needed technical skills are at a disadvantage. He added that, the educational system should be such that, it should successfully address this issue and e nhance the technical knowhow of the students. By this, the students would be facing no hassles in taking up jobs that necessitate having of sound technical knowledge and capabilities. Callaghan concludes his speech by urging the academic fraternity to initiate all the needed changes, so that students can make a mark for themselves in their future roles as employees. (1) Impact on the Educational Policy after 1979 It is not at all an exaggeration in stating that the â€Å"Great Debate† speech of James Callaghan triggered some crucial changes in the educational s

Wednesday, November 20, 2019

Personal and Professional Development Assignment - 5

Personal and Professional Development - Assignment Example During the time that I was working at the orphanage I learnt that those children were faced with a lot of challenges especially those who went to government school. They were looked down upon and thus they were not given equal chance with their peers to participate in co-curricular activities. They therefore felt side lined and felt out of place. I initiated a project that was to introduce football tournaments between the children homes in my home town. Due to my good interactions skills that had been nurtured at school, I was able to get sponsors who funded the project thus the children homes that participated were rewarded accordingly. After conducting an evaluation test, I found that the objectives for which the project was based on had been met. The children felt that they were part of the society as they had not been left out. Therefore this made my project to be successful.First unsuccessful story  During the last year my family faced a major financial crisis that had resulte d from my mother being laid off from duty. There was a scandal at their company that had been caused by the seniors since they had committed a fraud. All along we had been brought up by our mother and she was our only bread winner. Being the first born in our family and having completed school a while ago, I had to look for a job in order to help my mother fend for the family since my other siblings were still in school. The road to getting a job was not that smooth for me since there was competition from others who had completed schooling.

Monday, November 18, 2019

Project managment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Project managment - Essay Example The processes of formulation, implementation and evaluation form the three key stages that define strategic management process. Activities that are involved in the formulation process include the setting up of firm’s vision and mission, and performing an environmental scan in order to identify the external opportunities and strengths. As regards the process of implementation, activities that are involved include budget preparations, developing a strategy-supportive culture and creating the right organizational culture. The evaluation stage involves measuring and evaluating performance in order to determine the viability of the project. With the ever-changing environmental factors, change is inevitable for any strategy developed. As such, a review of internal and external factors is always necessary as well as taking corrective actions. How project management in integrated into strategic management process Given the high level of importance that has been attached to strategic m anagement process, necessary tools have to be put in place to ensure the success of this process. According to (Macmillan & Tampoe, 2001), turning strategy into reality is not an easy thing. It requires constant investment in management resources. This is where project management comes in. ... It also involves identifying performance management goals and developing a management plan. On the project management side, planning involves stakeholders agreeing to project objectives, scope and plans for carrying out the project which has been formally funded and resourced. The other process that integrates project management into strategic management process is the monitoring process. This process measures and assesses the project performance in order to respond to variances and risks (Macmillan & Tampoe, 2001). This is possible if performance measures have been identified and selected and measurement scorecards developed. Under this process, a re-verification of critical success factors is done as well as re-planning of the project. This may include changes in resource allocation or the scheduling of events and activities. The result of this may be changes in the strategies and objectives of the organization which requires performance reporting. Performance reporting falls on th e performance management side and it involves developing of a communications plan and communicating performance results to stakeholders. How organizational culture influences the selection of a project management structure Culture incorporates beliefs, behaviors, and assumptions shared by individuals within an organization (Hill & Jones, 2012). In trying to explain how organizational culture influences the selection of a project management structure, various factors have to be considered. They include whether or not decision-making is done in command and control environments or by self-directed teams, how functional units work with each other and many other factors. How functional units work with each other

Friday, November 15, 2019

Body Image And Stoma Health And Social Care Essay

Body Image And Stoma Health And Social Care Essay INTRODUCTION Colorectal cancer has its mortality rate of around 655,000 a year throughout the world (World Health Organization, 2006); this is seen to be the third leading cancer cause death in western world and in united states colorectal cancer is fourth common in all cancer types causing disease (National Cancer Institute. 2009), around 35,000 morbidity rate causing common solid organ malignancy in United Kingdom (Hall Nigel, 2007). Colorectal cancer is commonly called as bowel cancer or colon cancer. This essay mainly focuses on the pathophysiology of colorectal cancer, its psychological and sociological responses. Here the pathophysiological part gives a clear idea of the clinical signs and symptoms, pathology and medical management of the disease, the main psychological part deals with the body image of the patient who lives with stoma. The result of final medical and surgical management of colorectal cancer is an opening in the abdominal surface, done as a life saving measure. So the opening may be a colostomy or ileostomy where a bag is given to collect the body waste from the intestine usually stools. Then the sociological aspect of the patients body image and living with stoma is been understood. COLORECTAL CANCER Colorectal cancer can be defined as the cancerous stage of colon and rectum. These cancerous cells are seen as malignant tumours in the inner wall of the large intestine (Medicinenet.com, 1998). Clinical features and Diagnoses: The clinical features of the disease can be, rectal bleeding, diarrhoea, right side abdominal lump and sometimes in rectum, weight loss, abdominal pain, patient being anaemic due to bleeding, bowel obstruction, sickness due to constipation and bloating (Cancer Research UK, 2010). The most common are the gastrointestinal symptoms; these are seen in the pathological absence and even theres similarity at the time of malignancy and benign tumour. Recent research study at Portsmouth has found that this symptom is first recommendation for confirming colorectal cancer and is considered to be the consistent pointers of malignant colorectal (Hall Nigel, 2007). When the tumour size increases bowel lumen is likely narrowed causing obstructive symptoms. At this time the patient experiences loosening of the stool instead of constipation, the other problems arising from determined bowel habit changes should be examined carefully with proper investigation. Whereas the distal tumours shows bowel habit alterations leading to the solid state of stool consistency, this distal tumour symptom is more possible than proximal tumours. Since the proximal tumours shows its symptomatic outcomes only after complete obstruction. Tenesmus or an incomplete evacuation feeling is the cancerous mass effect in the rectum (Hall Nigel, 2007). The most disturbing symptom is rectal bleeding (Hall Nigel, 2007). This bleeding looks bright blooded same like haemorrhoids if the tumour is in the low rectum and bleeding in case of left sided tumours its in dark redden colour and stools with blood is seen. There are some uncommon symptoms like pain, weight loss and anorexia unless or not extensive metastatic disease or else the disease reaching its malignancy to bone and/or nerves. If the patient is obstructed with abscess formation the immediate requirement is surgical emergence (Hall Nigel, 2007). Patients by these symptoms indicate that the colorectal pathology must go through abdominal examination, rectal examination and a rigid sigmoidoscopy at proper diagnostic centres. General examination might expose the signs of anaemia. Most of the colorectal cancers due to its mass is palpable and helps the examiner to give something the once-over. Colorectal cancer investigation has its most important findings from sigmoidoscopy (Hall Nigel, 2007). Pathophysiology: The most basic stages of colorectal tumour genesis start with the normal mucosa, with a widespread condition of cell replication, then with the clustered appearance of enlarged crypts. These abnormalities of aberrant crypts or the enlarged crypts are very proliferative, biochemical and bio-molecular (Ponz de Leon, M. Di Gregorio, C. 2001). The most part of colorectal malignancies are been developed from adenomatous polyps. These are said to be the well-defined epithelial dysplasia masses with the uncontrolled crypt cell division. When the neoplastic cells are passing through the muscularis mucosae and submucosal infiltrate it is been considered as malignant adenoma (Ponz de Leon, M. Di Gregorio, C. 2001). The more used confusing definitions like carcinoma in situ or intramucosal carcinoma should be abandoned (Ponz de Leon, M. Di Gregorio, C. 2001). Even though numerous lines of suggestion specify that carcinomas typically initiate from pre-existing adenomas, this doesnt indicate that all tumours go through malignant variations, and doesnt eliminate de novo carcinogenesis. Above and beyond of adenomas, there are several other polypoid lesions, they are hyperplastic polyps which shows the elongated crypts frequently by cystic dilatation, serrated adenomas seen as serrated glandular pattern, flat adenomas are usually flat lesions and makes the investigation process difficult when using routine lower endoscopy so it can even be a malignancy, hamartomatous polyps is in the pattern of smooth muscle branching supports lamina propria and glands and next one is inflammatory polyps (Ponz de Leon, M. Di Gregorio, C. 2001). Now in the western society colorectal carcinomas is seen to be the most frequent condition. When seeing the macroscopic appearance its the lesions as polypoid vegetating mass and even sometimes as a flat infiltrating lesion. About 96% of tumours remain as adenocarcinomas and in quite few cases shows mucinous component. There are even some very rare malignant cases in large bowel like signet ring cell carcinoma, squamous carcinoma, undifferentiated neoplasms and medullary type adenocarcinoma which is seen to be solid carcinoma having very less cellular pleomorphism or slight glandular differentiation. The three grades of colorectal carcinoma are well differentiated lesions, moderately differentiated lesions and poorly differentiated lesions. These grading usually helps in evaluating the disease prognosis from the patient even considered being as little evidence (Ponz de Leon, M. Di Gregorio, C. 2001). By the end of this pathophysiological section of colorectal cancer it is clear that the disease covers widespread premalignant and malignant lesions, in which most of the lesions are being removed at the time of endoscopy. By interfering at the numerous stages of a carcinogenesis it is possible to prevent the neoplasmic stage of colorectal. The stages after carcinogenesis begins are uncontrolled epithelial cell replication, the adenomas are formed in various sizes and finally progresses into malignancy (Ponz de Leon, M. Di Gregorio, C. 2001). Medical management: During the last decade we have seen dramatic variations in managing colorectal cancer. The most noticeable changes in case of colorectal cancer are like, very precise pre-operative assessment, extensive use multimodality treatments and this includes neo-adjuvant therapy, theres even changes in procedures through minimal invasive and a very good prognosis in rectal cancer surgery (Cunningham C and Lindsey I, 2007). So this section of medical management speaks about the various management of colorectal cancer. The sufficient management of cancer rising inside the polyps is colonoscopic polypectomy. Now there are lots of advancements in kind of colonoscopic polypectomy treatment like endoscopic mucosal resection. This advanced colonoscopic polypectomy techniques has its goal to recover tumour clearance and decrease the occurrence of colonic meticulous pathological assessment (Cunningham C and Lindsey I, 2007). Later this help in defining the importance in the involvement of lymph node and adequacy of local excision. The former condition is conducted by Haggitts staging of malignant-polyps Kikuchis-levels of sub-mucosal invasion in sessile lesions. Now the possibility of lymph node involvement is been easily estimated, because of the classifications it helps in preventing some great loss like avoiding the necessity of prescribed resectional surgery. This is also depending on some aspects like age of the patient, fitness and personal choice. In the remaining histo-pathological factors are fa vouring formal resection over the local excision which includes poor tumour differentiation, invasion of lymph and vessels and resection margin involvement (Cunningham C and Lindsey I, 2007). Radiotherapy is usually not as much of effective as preoperative treatment (Cunningham C and Lindsey I, 2003). Also, it is accompanying injurious effects on the functioning of the neo-rectum and destruction to small-bowel confined in the pelvis as an effect of surgical-adhesions. This is used at the event when circumferential margin seen to involve in pathological specimen and if the prior treatment was not given. So this will be signifying the failure of surgical excision (Cunningham C and Lindsey I, 2003). Since the last two decades, more advancement in the chemotherapy for treating colorectal cancer has been achieved (Lawes D and Taylor I, 2005). These advancements have made the treatment as optimal by systemic chemotherapy for the colorectal cancer over last decades. The average life of a patient has been gradually increased. This systematic chemotherapy progressively increased the survivalist from six months (normally without treatment) to reach more than twenty months when given the combinations of 5-FU/FA, irinotecan, oxaliplatin or monoclonal antibodies. Adjuvant therapy by means of 5-FU established routines outcomes in an enhanced 5 year continued existence in stage III disease from 51 to 64%, by other modest aids for those with stage II disease (Lawes D and Taylor I, 2005). Body image and stoma bag The result of final medical and surgical management of colorectal cancer is an opening in the abdominal surface, done as a life saving measure. So the opening may be a colostomy or ileostomy where a bag is given to collect the body waste from the intestine usually stools. Here comes the concept of body image, this is a concept being used in various fields which includes psychology, medicine, psychiatry, psychoanalysis, philosophy, cultural and feminist studies (Cash S Brown T A, 1987). More often this concept is carried by public media. Other than these fields and media the term does not have an approved definition (Cash S Brown T A, 1987). Basically in psychology it can be said that the belief and perception of an individual body being intended along with the emotional attitude (Cash S Brown T A, 1987). About one quarter of stoma patients know how clinically important psychological symptoms post-operatively (White C.A Hunt JC, 1997). Those who involved in the care of stoma patients are usually not detecting the psychological disorders. Psychological morbidity after the surgery is resulted from the unawareness of the condition which includes the past psychiatric history, dis-satisfaction with pre-operative preparation for surgery, post-operative physical symptoms and the negative thoughts and beliefs related to stoma and the condition of being a patient (White C.A Hunt JC, 1997). So normally surgeons are the important healthcare professionals dealing with the patient who needs to take the responsibility to collect patient information and let them know the process before and after surgery (White C.A Hunt JC, 1997). Various forms, questionnaires and surveys should be introduced for the screening purpose, where the other healthcare professionals and Para-medicals could take the in-charge of detecting the possibilities of psychological morbidities. This can even develop with applying effort in liaising with the mental health services. The authors future research will be done on the prospective using valid measurements psychologically and to be focussed on the morbidity by predicting, preventing, detecting and treating the psychological upset after the surgery of stoma (White C.A Hunt JC, 1997). PSYCHOLOGICAL AND SOCIALOGICAL ASPECTS OF COLORECTAL CANCER In a recent survey on the colorectal cancer patients, they have found that the patients have a good quality of life after the treatment (Medical News Today, 2011). This is because the patients has followed the medical management with some physical restrictions but the survey also shows there are sufferers from this condition post operatively. They are mostly dealing with the emotional and social living where the life of the patient is seriously affected even after many years (Medical News Today, 2011). Even though the disease is a common one, only a few details are known about post-operative and the quality of life they lead (Medical News Today, 2011). The survey dealt with approximately 300 patients who received treatment for colorectal cancer. But after many years of investigation they diagnosed that the patients are having lots of suffering due to the disease. The reason behind suffering is not with the physical problems but the fact is very serious about the problems facing psychologically. Patients are struggling due to the psychological causes. Dr. Volker Arndt and his colleagues of the Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research of the German Cancer Research Centre (Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum, DKFZ), the Saarland Cancer Register and the Department of Epidemiology of Ulm University did this research and found that the patients are suffering from mental strains (Medical News Today, 2011). The patients are also having secondary diseases and these were studied from the sufferers who are relatively young age (Medical News Today, 2011). Throughout the world for one year there are about one million new cases being recorded. So this takes the colorectal cancer as the most common form of cancer among other types of tumours. For the past decade there is consistent and significant prognosis as most of the cases are been detected at the early stages. Long-term researches concerning colorectal cancer patients frequently deal with repetition of tumours and/or survival rates, whereas the long term wellbeing and eminence of life of patients once completion of therapy has been of slight systematic attention to date (Medical News Today, 2011). Arndt et al. has diagnosed after many years that the colorectal cancer patients quality of life is been restricted due to the emotional and social problems they face (Medical News Today, 2011). Other than this the colorectal cancer patients is suffering from a list of problems like respiratory distress, sleeping dis-orders, listlessness, problems in bowel and most important is financial worries. When seeing the quality of life of these patients even after three years of treatment, the improvement was modest and mostly they were restricted by the financial problems and/or living an adjustable life with stoma (Medical News Today, 2011). The persistent depression of the patient was continued for a long period. The researchers concluded that these sufferings and problems have its impact mainly due to the age and there is lots of influence in age factor on the psychological resistance. Thats the reason behind young patients are predominantly affected by the mental illness. Therefore, the younger patients are more affected by the disease compared to the older patients. This is even more threatening and having health deficits to the younger ones than the older sufferers. But still the older patients have to come up with the physical problems (Medical News Today, 2011). A literature review clearly states that the depression state is not only to the patients but the depression is seen in the life of spouses (Goldzweig. G et al. 2009). However the communication and distress issues and sufferings between the patients and spouses are still being understudied (Goldzweig. G et al. 2009). Accommodating the primacy of gender, attention should be given to whether the demand-withdrawal pattern in female cancer patients and their spouses is similar to the demands and emotional needs of both male cancer patients and male caregivers (Goldzweig. G et al. 2009). Price (1990) developed a method for taking care of patients with altered body image (Price B, 1990). He recommended that the nurses who are dealing with the patients with body image problem should use the principles of body components. He states that the body should be viewed as three components, body reality, body ideal and body presentation (Price B, 1990). CONCLUSION As summarizing the colorectal cancer patients body image and living stoma, the issues primarily dealing with loss of energy, loss of control, isolation, feeling dirty, sexual dysfunction, fertility and the female patients face pregnancy and menopause. As Price Bob recommended the social workers, health care workers and even the relations or care takers of the colorectal cancer patients should know well about the body components principles and do the rehabilitation. The basic problem of the disease deals with the medical management, if the patient in the later stage suffering from psychological issues he must be under critical care under psychologist. Most of the health professionals believe that the patient suffering from stoma is their concern but the thought should be changed and particularly stoma care nurses should be thinking wisely in helping the psychological issues faced by the colorectal cancer patients.

Wednesday, November 13, 2019

The Gay Science,by Friedrich Nietzsche :: The Gay Science, Friedrich Nietzsche

1) Nietzsche could have written The Gay Science differently. What justifies the style of composition he chose? More importantly, is his style of writing effective? What relation do you see between the style of his writing and the content of thought it expresses? Nietzsche's style of writing was a deliberate stylistic choice meant to hide the meaning of his work and philosophy from those who would not be able to understand it, and through there misunderstanding would abuse it. This writing style was also meant to help support and give meaning to Nietzsche's arguments on the nature of language and how language is, at its root a metaphor describing an object that is disconnected from us. Nietzsche's work broke down language to its metaphorical roots and explored the nature of how our language is disconnected from the objective reality around us. Nietzsche uses the metaphorical roots of our language to show that words and language our fundamentally disconnected because of the subjective nature of language. Nietzsche shows these metaphorical roots by showing how simple words and phrases that we use in our everyday life are really disconnected or at least removed by the barrier of language. Language is a serious of metaphor's all describing ho w an object subjectively appears to the individual. No language can describe what it is like to "be" that object, nor properly describe what it is that makes the object what it is. All language can do is provide a vehicle through which man can communicate what he is subjectively experiencing and relate it via a metaphor to another individual who will only get a idea of what is being described rather than an actual concrete description. 2) In sections 124, 343, and 377, Nietzsche claims that, following the death of God, human beings find themselves "in the horizon of the infinite," on the "open sea," and "homeless." What are the consequences of the death of God? With reference to section 347, discuss the ambiguity of this new found freedom. How might it terrify some people and empower others? The consequences for the death of god are far reaching and and many in Nietzsche's work. Christianity sparked the death of God as most of us know him through the actions of Martin Luther. Luther's desire to give the common man the ability to understand and read the bible brought a end to the churches monopoly on morality and brought the "divine" to the common man making the common man "divine".

Monday, November 11, 2019

Response Paper on “Harrison Bergeron” by Kurt Vonnegut

The short tale of Harrison Bergeron is something that isn't very new to me. Way back in high school, we were tasked to read this in one of our Literary Circles sessions. I took a quick look at it and particularly enjoyed how short the story was. Today, having finally read a good selection of interesting stories, I decided to take a deeper and much more complete look at it. I can definitely say that despite it being rather short, Harrison Bergeron was a story just oozing in meaning and symbolisms. Harrison Bergeron makes us think twice on just how far we want to go to push for equality. In 2081, total equality is achieved but at a cost – sacrificing freedom and individual skill and talent. The three main characters also symbolizes different types of people who have different views toward the law set by the Handicapper General. George Bergeron to me was pretty much your average Joe. Despite him being blessed with substantial intelligence, he simply decides to get by and observe all the rules properly, being content with the system and afraid of consequences. Hazel Bergeron on the other hand, was really just an oblivious girl in a place where oblivious and unaware was the new â€Å"average†. She had nothing special to offer, therefore was never even handicapped. Her obliviousness and outright stupidity simply shadows over her kindness and good intentions. And finally, Harrison Bergeron, who was the perfect specimen. He literally had it all, which made the government fear him and did everything in it's power to contain him. Harrison wanted to showcase his abilities to the world and this ultimately led to his death. With this, we are shown that superiority amongst others will not be tolerated. To end, I feel like this story faces us with a dilemma, whether to simply get by, and live with rules and laws that are clearly unfair and wrong or be like Harrison, who is condemned for being the gifted and talent-laden man that he truly was. I'd also like to point out how this story takes on a completely different angle as a slight jab to faulty governments. Vonnegut may just be trying to show us how the government tries to control and ultimately, censor our very thoughts and ideas, hence limiting our potential to grow and become more aware and active with regards to such issues.

Friday, November 8, 2019

The Down Fall of the Russian Revolution

The Down Fall of the Russian Revolution Introduction Analysts observe that the Russian Revolution could not realize its objectives mainly because of the divergent views from Bolsheviks. Scholars holding the views of Lenin believe that the revolution could not bring about reforms because its leader, Trotsky, never aimed at realizing the needs of the poor.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Down Fall of the Russian Revolution specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The powerful individuals, whose aim was to fulfil the interests of the owners of the means production, controlled the revolution. In this regard, Leninist scholars disagreed with the view that the revolution was aimed at helping the poor in society. Leaders exploited the poor to convince the world that they advocated for their, but in the real sense, their aim was completely different. Such scholars observe that the revolution could not have realized its intended objectives mainly because of the civil w ar, foreign intervention, financial disintegration, isolation, and backwardness of the Russian society. Such scholars are of the view that Bolshevik ideology was not to blame for the ineffectiveness of the revolution. The Authoritarian regime under the Bolshevik was forced to act because of the difficult conditions. Some analysts, particular those allied to anarchist ideology, believe that Bolshevik ideology contributed significantly to the failure of the revolution in Russia. The Bolshevik ideology contributed immensely to the failure of the revolution since it established social structures, socialist institutions and centralizing the economic, which made it difficult for the working class to achieve their economic interests. Centralization of state resources and lack of a clear system of checks and balances disempowered the proletariat since the objectives that were being sought were beyond their reach. Fitzpatrick noted that the good life entailed a situation in which the state a ssumed the patriarchal or patron client responsibilities. Thesis Statement This article uses a number of resources, including memoirs to support the hypothesis that the Russian revolution did not achieve its objectives. The reasons why the Russian revolution could not realize its objectives are discuses adequately in this paper. The article underscores the fact that actions of the revolutionist not allow them to take over state power in 1918 in Russia. In other words, the vanguards of 1917 could not be allowed to takeover governmental powers in 1918, since their status was below par. In nay production mode, owners of the means of production will always occupy the top position while others will be distributed in various classes.Advertising Looking for essay on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Major Shifts in Communist Policy between 1917 and 1932 After the revolution, the Communist Party readjusted its objecti ves to reflect the aims of the ruling class meaning that the policies agreed upon before the revolution were abandoned. Historians observe that 1920s demonstrated a great change in policy owing to changes in geopolitical climate, culture, and the global economy. The government restructured its policy following the Civil War and Cultural Revolution. Economic development of the country was mainly affected since the government introduced a new economic policy. Cultural Revolution started in 1917 and ended in 1932 whereby a new culture was developed in the country. The culture was new meaning that its social institutions, functions, and structure were different from those of the previous culture. The Civil War was witnessed between 1917 and 1921 (Kolkhozniks 130). History shows that the civil war affected the Russian culture in a number of ways, which forced the government to amend its economic and socio-political policies. Since the changes were abrupt, the cultural infrastructure coll apsed meaning that the policies agreed before the revolution could not be implemented. The emergence of the intelligentsia was the major hindrance to the achievement of revolutionary goals. New economic policy program was introduced in 1921, which was expected to serve the country until 1928. These policies revitalized the country’s culture and economic life, which affected the objectives of the working class. Why the Revolution Failed The Civil War Kotkin argued that the revolution would not succeed because of the civil war that was sponsored by the Bolshevik regime. The reality of the matter is that these features of communism were present even before the revolution. This implies that the civil war could not be attributed to the failure of the revolution. The Bolshevik policies demanded that only a single individual be entrusted with the role of managing resources, which implied that only the central government would be in charge of the management of the economic matters. I n this regard, it was true that there was no correlation between peace and the ideology of the Bolshevik. However, the victories of Kolchak and Denikin contributed to the augmentation and militarization of labour in the country. This shows that, even though the civil war contributed to the failure of the revolution, other factors must have also contributed in the failure of the revolution. The civil war dampened the spirit of various working classes because it revealed the true nature of the Bolshevik regime. The social conflict proved to the poor that the regime did not have their interest at heart, but instead it existed to serve the interests of the rich. The major policy of the Bolsheviks was to distribute resources equally in society since they advocated for socialism, the sovereignty of the state, and the strengthening of the communist party. After the Civil War, Stites (103) observed that the Bolshevik regime was determined to implement even stricter policies instead of lesse ning the previous ones.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Down Fall of the Russian Revolution specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This meant that the commissars from the Red Army were given luxurious jobs in various state-owned industries in 1920. This was a blow to the working class since owners of the means of production and military elites were rewarded while they languished in great poverty. Even though the military generals opposed the revolution, they were rewarded heavily since they were allocated luxurious positions in government. The manner in which military generals and the ruling class were allocated government properties in 1920 differed from the way in which the exercise was conducted in 1919. In 1920, the communist party was determined to implement its policies, irrespective of whether the interests of the poor were considered. Influence of the Ruling Class After Lenin’s death, the policies agree d upon in October were abandoned one after the other. However, some analysts and scholars believe that these policies were abandoned even when Lenin was still alive. The idea of commitment to one party system, dictatorial management, control of opposition parties, media expurgation, repressive policies, and prevention of trade unions were all exercised when Lenin was still alive. Steinberg gave a clear definition of why the revolution could not achieve its objectives. He commented that a production system does not become socialist in nature simply because a socialist premier or president is in office. To such scholars, the character or the personality of an individual does not affect the production system in any way. In the same way, Russia’s production system could not change from capitalism to socialism just because Lenin was in power. Marxist scholars could argue that a revolution would take place when state power is transferred the other social class. On the other hand, a narchist would recommend that a revolution would occur when state power is transferred from the owners of the means of production to the proletariat or the working class. Incidentally, a communist government would be formed through societal relations, but not the views of those in positions of influence. The working class in Russia could not have achieved their objectives because social relations during Stalin’s regime were similar to those during Lenin’s administration. Although the administration under Stalin was vicious, abusive, and tyrannical, the new regime under Lenin, which was receptive to the needs of many, could not change the manufacturing structure. Fitzpatrick (89) uses the word deludes to define the Bolshevik revolution meaning that the ruling class hijacked the revolt to make sure that it served their interest. It employed various techniques to dismantle the socialist structures, which were perceived as a threat to their interests.Advertising Looking for essay on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More As Marx had earlier observed, the state is always the property of the ruling class since they use it to accomplish their interests. The ruling class ensured that, intellectuals, who considered merit in their appointments, ran the government under Lenin. Any socialist regime could always ensure that workers are major producers meaning that there would be no exploitation. The ruling class ensured that they destroyed the functioning of the socialist system. Interests of the Bolsheviks Steinberg (33) suggested that the Bolshevik went against the interests of the majority to protect their party, which was under threat. Other socialist parties were threatening to oust the Bolsheviks hence they had to form a strong militia that would counter the influence of other small parties. Such militias could not serve the interests of the people, but instead it could serve the wishes of those who formed them. If Bolsheviks did not apply other alternatives, their power could not have lasted for long. Some scholars suggest that a White dictatorship could have replaced the Red one meaning that the cruelty of the Bolshevik was a sign of self-interest. The Bolshevik regime used the power of the working class to ascend to power in order to fulfil its own interests, but not those of the poor. However, the working class or the poor supported the Bolshevik regime because it favoured the poor whenever there was a crisis. It treated the poor well since it not design and implement oppressive and discriminative policies, as was the case with the Stalin regime. Conclusion It is concluded that the revolution in Russia did not achieve its objectives because workers were never incorporated into the production system afterwards. Economic and political power was still in the hands of the ruling class, but only leadership changed. This implies that the production system, which was actually the main reason why workers participated in the revolution, never changed at all. Workers were still oppress ed, perpetuated, and were dominated in society while the owners of the means of production enjoyed their lives comfortably. As already mentioned, the change of leadership does not mean the change of social relations. Fitzpatrick, Sheila. In the Shadow of Revolution: Life Stories of Russian Women from 1917 to the Second World War. Princeton, NJ: Princeton Univ. Press, 2000. Print. Fitzpatrick, Sheila. Stalins Peasants: Resistance and Survival in the Russian Village after Collectivization. New York: Oxford University Press, 1994. Print. Kotkin, Stephen. Magnetic Mountain: Stalinism as a Civilization. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1995. Print. Steinberg, Mark D. Proletarian Imagination: Self, Modernity, and the Sacred in Russia, 1910-1925. Ithaca, N.Y: Cornell University Press, 2002. Print. Stites, Richard. Revolutionary Dreams: Utopian Vision and Experimental Life in the Russian Revolution. New York: Oxford University Press, 1989. Print.

Wednesday, November 6, 2019

Gattaca - Perfection essays

Gattaca - Perfection essays The Film Gattaca Presents a World Destroyed by the pursuit of our perfection. Discuss. Andrew Niccols film Gattaca does present a world where the world has been destroyed by humans pursuit of perfection. It is the characters in the movie which show this, Vincent, Jerome s film shows us a world that has been destroyed by the human pursuit of perfection. Vincent is considered an invalid in the world of Gattaca, because he wasnt created the valid way. The valid way is done through altering the genetic code of a person, a person engineered to be perfect. Vincent however is anything but perfect; he has a 99% of Heart Failure and is presumed to die at the age of 30. The world of Gattaca is one based solely on perfection, this is shown by the selection criteria of the Gattaca program, in which only the perfect enter, valids. This shows the audience on how intent the world of Gattaca is on being perfect, with the creation of a perfect civilization. The world is destroyed; there is a new underclass that is discriminated upon and not given a chance to succeed in the world. One scene in particular which shows this is when the Investigator has all the Invalids lined up for testing, we see darkness which shows the audience that these invalids live a dark life. It is this new underclass which shows us the destruction of the world in Gattaca al l for the pursuit of our own perfection. On the other Hand we have Jerome Morrow who is an valid. Jerome has the perfect helix so to speak, with an off the scale IQ and a heart of an ox. Jerome is an example of how the worlds people are with their pursuit to perfection. Jerome lives under the burden of perfection which is a burden which many in the Gattaca world would be und ...

Monday, November 4, 2019

European Trade Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

European Trade - Essay Example EU adopted this policy as a commitment to the society. Almost 25% of European Union’s trades with other countries include services. It has its most trade with United States. European Union is the second in the world in terms of investments. But the commercial policy of the Union mainly relates to the goods. The EU entertains trades with those countries that are weaker in terms of trade activities. Ensuring smoother trade with such countries contribute to its economic development. Therefore, the Union also has an important role in World Trade Organization (WTO). The major feature of its trade with third countries is the common tariff and other trade charges being charged by the Union. The commission also had a common foreign policy for its trade governance. The policy has three pillars on which the policy is constituted. The three pillars are Community Pillar, Common foreign and security policy Pillar, Police and judicial cooperation in criminal matters pillar. All the three pillars relates to different aspects. The common tariffs and trade charges has enabled many economically backward countries to participate in the trade activities internationally. The three pillars show that the agreements are formed not only for the trade cooperation but also for cooperation in all matters that are concerned with economic development and eradication of crimes. The Union gives preferences to the economically backward countries. The commission has a foreign and security policy that is the second pillar of the commission. The second pillar entails policies regarding cooperation in defence matters. This helps to have a common union in terms of defence. â€Å"The European Union, together with its Member States, is the largest provider of technical assistance to these countries† (The EU’s relations with Eastern Europe & Central Asia. 2001). European Union is one of largest trading partner of Eastern Europe and

Friday, November 1, 2019

Personal and Professional Development in Nursing Essay - 1

Personal and Professional Development in Nursing - Essay Example Nurses can use a variety of ways to demonstrate individual accountability; two methods are continued competency and professional development. Professional competency is an empowerment tool in that it enables the nurses to fulfil their responsibilities of care effectively. It is also, therefore, important to understand the factors that influence clinical competency (Memarian et al., 2007, 203-214). Accountability and Ethics: The codes of nursing ethics have focused on accountability as a central moral concept and value. Some national nursing organisations have identified accountability as the key standard of competent practice. The code of professional conduct calls for a high standard of professional behaviour from the nurses, regulating the nursing and midwifery practice in order to ensure standards and providing protection for the clients (Vanlaere and Gastmans, 2007, 758-766). Nursing, in essence, is a care system that springs from safe, caring, and competent and educated decision making, and nurse is a professional who is willing to accept personal and professional accountability for evidence-based practice guided by ethical principles (Wiseman, 2007). Accountability: The code of professional conduct enumerates that the nurse is personally accountable for her practice. Literally, this means the nurse is responsible for actions and omissions, "regardless of advice or directions from another professional." This directly relates to the law of the land and is guided by the duty to deliver safe and competent care. Therefore, this also involves the responsibility of reporting. However, it must be mentioned that accountability for standards of practice is judged by the peers or fellow professionals, and only they are in a position to make decisions about the appropriateness or quality of service. Nursing diagnoses, the first taxonomy created in nursing, have fostered the development of autonomy and accountability in nursing and have helped to delineate the scope of practice. In that sense, professionalism and accountability are inherent in nursing practice (Jos and Tompkins, 2004, 255-281). The nursing profession has traditionally used t hree methods of assuring accountability to the public-licensure examination, continuing education, and certifications, all of which are avenues of professional development that ensures quality and standards of care. The idea of a standard of care evolves from this principle. Standards of care provide a ruler for measuring nursing actions, and therefore, maintenance of accountability promotes both personal and professional development. This behaviour would uphold the profession, and accountability also ensures that the nurse acts quickly to protect the patient and his rights within the limits of contemporary professional competency. Nurses are accountable to their clients and to their colleagues. When providing care to clients, nurses are responsible for their own actions, good and not so good (Griffith and Tengnah, 2005, 339-343). The principle of autonomy has considerable merit and is supported by the Code of Ethics for Nurses. Following this ethical principle